In cities, social exclusions such as economic inequality, discrimination, and severance exist owing to various multidimensional factors. To cope with these phenomena, discussion of an inclusive city aimed at social integration and centered on international organizations has been considered. There is also consensus that a social mix as well as a social and institutional mix must be achieved through spatial and physical planning techniques to promote urban inclusion and to alleviate social exclusion and discrimination under the international community’s stance. To mitigate social exclusion and discrimination of redevelopment rental housing and realize an inclusive city, urban and housing experts were invited in this study to derive factors that should be improved first from among the existing factors based on the spatial, social, and institutional characteristics of redeveloped rental housing. A survey was conducted using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, and the expert group evaluated that institutional improvements should be implemented first when applying social blending as a means to alleviate social exclusion of redeveloped rental housing. In particular, it was noted that the improvement of occupancy standards to reduce income gap that causes discrimination and exclusion among the residents of redevelopment rental housing and separate standards for complexes supplied by mixing presale and rental housing should be established. In addition, it was confirmed that the housing area must be diversified and expanded to improve awareness of rental housing and secure minimum housing standards. In particular, it was confirmed that it was necessary to improve the spatial and physical characteristics as well as make efforts to form communities in neighboring and neighborhood environments to secure social blending and inclusiveness. To resolve the phenomenon of social exclusion in various multidimensional aspects from the perspective of an inclusive city, it is hence necessary to improve policy measures to eliminate social exclusion in economic, social, and cultural dimensions along with spatial mixing.

Public rental housing (PRH) should be provided not only with the appropriate number of units, but also with the appropriate size of units. Smaller-sized units may have negative effects on physical and mental health and can worsen the quality of life of the residents. Larger-sized units do not suffer from these issues; however, it is socially unaccountable as it reduces the possibility of providing more housing opportunities for beneficiaries if they were designed in proper sizes. This paper analyzes the SH PRH Survey Data to determine the overcrowded and under-occupied households in public rental housing in Seoul. It reveals that 16% of households in Seoul PRH are in overcrowded housing, and 4,500 households have experienced severe overcrowding. At the same time, half of the public housings are under-occupied and 4,900 households have additional two rooms which are more than the residents need based on their household composition. To overcome overcrowding in the PRH, approximately 29,000 units need to be added. If the under-occupiers agree to downsize their houses, the additional units can be reduced to only 21,000 units.

It is necessary to implement a wide range of housing welfare policies that citizens can experience in order to improve residents’ the quality of life, as it emphasizes the balance of supply and management of public housing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting residential satisfaction considering the three hierarchical levels of individual, household, and area. In the background of the study, the individuals’ quality-of-life satisfaction determined not only by the individual but also by the various influencing environmental factors. This study targets 1,736 households, 3,239 persons in 464 areas in Seoul. The main research results are as follows. At the level one, there were influencing factors such as age(-), education level and income, and housing area per person, recipient of basic living(-), period(-) and RIR (at the level two). At the level three, west-south region(-) and social mix affect the complex of public housing. In consideration of living infrastructure, the closer to public transportation, public facilities, and medical facilities, the higher the satisfaction of public housing. The results of this analysis suggest that public support needs to focus on individual household members, but there is a need for ways to link it with the complex and the region.

The purpose of this study is to understand the perceptions of stakeholders in environmental conflicts. The private rental housing project in Busan Sasang-gu Jurye 3 District, which took place in 2017 is one of many cases of environmental conflicts between developers and local residents. The case is considered as a typical failure of collaborative governance that has consequently caused negative impacts to both local residents and government. To understand why local residents could not come to consensus even though the majority of them were against the development project, we analyzed residents’ perceptions and subjective opinions towards environmental conflicts. This study adopted 'Q methodology' to investigate human subjectivity. The results showed three distinguished types of subjectivity structures. Each type was named as ‘collaborative governance advocates’, ‘public administration distrusters’, and ‘current local government supporters’ based on their characteristics. Participants in all three types showed opposition to environmental damages that can be caused by the private rental housing development, but they revealed different perspectives on the importance of public participation and institutional responsibility in the process of decision-making. This study makes better understand what makes it difficult to build collaborative governance as a means of overcoming environmental conflicts.

The government has implemented housing welfare policy to ease low-income households' housing-cost burden and improve their quality of life. However, public housing residents and housing choice voucher recipients still show a high level of housing-cost burden. In this regard, this study aims to provide policy implications for current housing welfare policy by analyzing and comparing the factors that determine both subsidized and unsubsidized households' housing-cost burden. For the empirical analysis, this study uses “2017 Korea Housing Survey” and divides groups into public housing residents, housing choice voucher recipients, and unsubsidized low-income renters. We compared the level of housing-cost burden by employing t-test and chi-squared analyses and the factors affecting the housing-cost burden by employing logistic regression analyses between the three groups. According to the empirical analysis, the housing cost is the most burdensome for the housing choice voucher recipients group, followed by the unsubsidized low-income renters and public housing residents. In addition, the factors affecting housing-cost burden are different between the three groups. In case of public housing residents, housing characteristics usually affect the housing-cost burden. For housing choice voucher recipients and unsubsidized low-income renters, both housing and household characteristics influence the housing-cost burden. Looking at the detailed factors, except for the housing tenure and regional average rents that are common factors for all groups, the amount of deposit is an important factor for public housing residents, and household employment status is an important factor for both housing choice voucher recipients and unsubsidized low-income renters. The policy implications of this study are as follows: First, it is necessary to review the blind spot of the current housing welfare policy. Second, a comprehensive review of the housing choice voucher program is required. Third, it is necessary to make policy efforts to ease the level of housing-cost burden for renters. Fourth, a program is needed for those public housing residents who need a deposit support. Fifth, there should be further assistance with public housing for the poorest people.

In order to balance with supply policy, public housing management and operation policies have been implemented in terms of housing welfare, but citizens have not yet achieved the results that the citizens are experiencing. The purpose of this study is to analysis the residential satisfaction of the including the housing performance through the characteristics of the public housing residents in Seoul. The data used in this study is based on the survey data of public housing panel survey in Seoul (2016). The study method used ordered logistic regression analysis based on the fact that dependent variables appeared as ordered responses. Major research results are as follows. Firstly, housing performance and residential satisfaction may not match. Even though the satisfaction of housing area, type, and management fee is high, satisfaction with residential environment is low if commuting distance, the number of small libraries, and hospitals are small. Secondly, it showed different characteristics of residential environment factors among types of public housing. Rather than focusing on supply, customized supply is needed considering characteristics of public housing types. Thirdly, the policy for public housing needs to be realized by a fair policy on the residential environment. It is necessary to contribute to better housing stability as a customized policy considering the local residential environment.